Phosphogypsum is usually a yellowish-white, light greyish-white or dark grey fine powdery solid. The main component of PG is CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, which accounts for more than 90% of its total composition. In addition, PG contains phosphorus, fluorine, organic matters and other impurities (e.g. heavy metal elements and nuclides) (Rashad, …
2. Regulate the safe treatment, storage and disposal of phosphogypsum as hazardous waste; 3. Designate phosphogypsum a high-priority substance for risk evaluation; 4. Require manufacturers to conduct testing on phosphogypsum and process wastewater; and 5. Determine that the use of phosphogypsum in road construction is a significant …
PG, discharged into the sea, watercourses or in wilderness stocks, contains toxic elements harmful to ecosystems and human health, including heavy metals and radionuclides, and there is therefore...
The concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K maintained in phosphate rock (PR), phosphoric acid (PA) and phosphogypsum (PG) samples and its possible radiation hazards, have been measured. The radionuclides in phosphate rock have been redistributed unsymmetrically between phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum during …
Phosphogypsum (PG) waste is a by-product generated from wet-process phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) manufacturing during phosphate rock decomposition.Worldwide, the annual production of PG ranges between 100 and 300 million tons, with only a few quantities utilized in several application domains (about 15%), the …
PG, discharged into the sea, watercourses or in wilderness stocks, contains toxic elements harmful to ecosystems and human health, including heavy metals and radionuclides, and there is therefore a …
methods of managing phosphogypsum include storage in heaps or discharge into the sea or rivers, leading to envi-ronmental concerns such as the movement of fluoride, sulfate, and radionuclides. This movement could pose radiological hazards to public exposure, including risks associated with gamma radiation and potential inhalation
The calculated total toxicity index of the studied sample of waste from the processing of phosphogypsum phosphate raw materials is 94.699936 units and corresponds to four hazard classes (interval …
The vast majority of produced PG is discarded irresponsibly, leading to significant environmental and health consequences. Thus, PG storage has led to having …
The problem of recycling and storage of phosphogypsum is topical for many countries around the world, as it is associated with environmental problems of pollution of water bodies, land, and atmosphere. Therefore, this paper analyzes the directions of phosphogypsum recycling and possible alternatives to its use. The main …
Phosphogypsum (PG), the main industrial by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry, primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate. However, it contains various impurities with variable ...
from countries where land area for phosphogypsum storage is in very short supply and/or very expensive, or where the cost to utilize natural gypsum exceeded the cost of utilizing the phosphogypsum. In most of this country, and specifically in Florida, economic incentives to develop uses for phosphogypsum have not existed.
and sulfuric acids) in the phosphogypsum are an obstacle to its use in the production of building materials. The effect of an acidic environment on phosphogypsum was studied using Na2CO3, K2CO3, and (NH4)2CO3 salts. Special regimes for washing the initial phosphogypsum were developed, in which the reactivity increased by 1.2 …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of ...
Phosphogypsum (PG) is an acidic by-product that is created during the production of phosphoric acid using the sulfuric acid route. The management of PG poses a significant environmental challenge worldwide due to its large quantity and chemical composition. While PG primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate, it also contains …
Storage of phosphogypsum in waste heaps poses an environmental hazard, even if the facility is operated correctly. The problem of the utilization and storage of …
According to a 2019 report from the Fertilizer Institute, an estimated 734 million tons of phosphogypsum have accumulated in the United States — a number the industry group projected to steadily increase each year. That material sits in more than 70 similar open-air piles, which can be hundreds of feet tall and hundreds of acres wide, …
Environmental impact and management of phosphogypsum. Hanan Tayibi, ... Aurora López-Delgado, in Journal of Environmental Management, 2009. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste by-product from the processing of phosphate rock by the "wet acid method" of fertiliser production, which currently accounts for over 90% of phosphoric acid …
Phosphogypsum (PG: CaSO4·2H2O) is a waste product (or by-product) from the production of phosphoric acid, the main component in the production of concentrated simple and complex fertilizers. The world production of phosphogypsum exceeds 200 million tons per year. PG discharged into water bodies (seas, rivers) or …
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis recently signed a bill that will allow the Florida Department of Transportation to study the use of phosphogypsum in road construction. This came after a longstanding federal-level prohibition on using phosphogypsum, which was repealed by then-President Donald Trump's Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in October …
Alawi Zawawi, Vice Chairman of USG Boral Zawawi Gypsum, a leading player in the export of natural gypsum, said that Oman has the potential to export cumulatively total more than 300 million tonnes over the next 15 years (2018-2032), going by current trends. At an average Export FOB price of $18 per tonne, this could generate …
Stoichiometrically, for every 1.0 tonne of ammonium sulphate produced, 0.9 tonnes of PCC is also produced and 1.6 tonnes of gypsum and 0.4 tonnes CO 2 are consumed. South Africa has an opportunity to sequestrate up to 0.2 % of its CO 2 emission and 100 % of its phosphogypsum generation through the Merseburg. Chou et al. are …
Phosphogypsum is a by-product originated from wet-process phosphoric acid, which contains some impurities such as soluble phosphorus, soluble fluorine, some salts, heavy metals and organic compounds, which lead to difficulty to be used. Jillion phosphogypsum accumulated not only occupies land, pollutes the circ。umjacent …
Phosphogypsum is a by-product of phosphoric acid industrial production, and its stacking volume is increasing year by year, which brings a great threat to the environment and agricultural safety. The way of comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum was described, and the mechanism of phosphogypsum producing …
Key words: phosphogypsum /; heavy metals /; migration and transformation /; ecological effect; Abstract: With the rapid development of the phosphorus chemical field, phosphogypsum, as a one of typical solid by-product, presents a series of characteristics such as large production capacity and large storage base with a low resource utilization …
The impetus to develop uses for this material has come from countries where land area for phosphogypsum storage is in very short supply and/or very expensive, or where the cost to utilize natural gypsum exceeded the cost of utilizing the phosphogypsum. In most of this country, and specifically Florida, economic incentives to develop uses for ...
The chemical composition and mineralogical characteristics of phosphogypsum depend on the type of phosphoric rock, the type of process to obtain phosphoric acid, the efficiency of the industrial process, the storage and on various contaminants that are added to the phosphogypsum during the industrial process [110].
Safety Reports Series No.78 Radiation Protection and Management of NORM Residues in the ... phosphogypsum, and the manufacture and use of phosphate fertilizers. ... OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL QATAR REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a radioactive industrial by-product produced in large quantities when processing phosphate ores into fertilizers. With rapid growth of high concentration phosphate and compound fertilizers production in China, PG production is increasing every year. Phosphogypsum is usually stored in such a way that it not only …
Phosphogypsum (PG) wastes, including solid-state PG and liquid-state PG leachate, are industrial byproducts generated during the production of phosphoric acid. It …
