The optimum carbon percentage of saprolite and limonite is the concerned purpose for this research. The ratio of saprolite and limonite (solid: solid) are 1:4 and gave heat treatment at 1150 °C ...
According to DTA, saprolite and limonite have the same phase transition from goethite to hematite at low temperatures (250 °C); at 900 °C the magnesioferrite crystallization for limonite and the ...
The nickel bioleaching experiments inoculated with the bacterial consortia were carried out using coarse limonite ores and weathered saprolite ores with pulp density of 10% w/v. Abiotic controls were also carried out replacing the inocula by the sterile medium. The bioleaching processes were monitored by measuring Ni and Fe contents and pH of ...
Saprolite and limonite have different behaviour in the carbothermic reduction process due to the differences in their atomic structures. This work investigates the kinetic study of these two ...
The limonite and saprolite ores used in this study were obtained from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia and were ground to obtain the grain sizes of − 250 + 177 μm, − 177 + 149 μm, and − 149 + 75 μm.ED-XRF analysis of limonite and saprolite samples determined their chemical composition as summarized in Table 1.X-ray powder …
Saprolite is isovolumetrically weathered bedrock that retains the structure and fabric of the parent rock. This soil parent material forms in areas where crystalline rocks occur at or near the surface of the earth. Saprolite is generally overlain by 1 to 3 m of soil and commonly > 10 m thick. Although saprolite occurs worldwide and often ...
Unlike the Saprolite horizon, the Limonite is usually present in the laterite profile. Limonite is the dominant ore type at Ramu and host s more than 50% of the contained nickel and cobalt.
The optimum carbon percentage of saprolite and limonite is the concerned purpose for this research. The ratio of saprolite and limonite (solid: solid) are 1:4 and gave heat treatment at 1150 °C with 1 h holding time and magnetic separation for getting to know the optimum nickel grade and recovery.
The aim of this research is to determine the Ni content of high grade limonite and low grade saprolite at the research location, and to determine the Ni content of high grade limonite and low ...
Rather than employing an appropriate limonite/saprolite ore blend, pilot work on this process involved pugging of a limonite/acid mixture and subsequent grinding of the cured pug with crushed saprolite to prepare the leach slurry (Verbaan et al., 2007). The process was acknowledged to be robust and resulted in leach extractions of 87% …
Limonite biaa terjadi sebagai bahan sekunder, terbentuk dari pelapukan hematit, magnetit, pirit, dan bahan yang mengandung unsur besi lainnya. Limonit sering juga ditemukan pada stalaktit, reniform, botryoidal, atau mammillary. Bahan ini juga dapat terbentuk sebagai pseudomorph serta lapisan pada dinding fraktur dan rongga …
Rather than employing an appropriate limonite/ saprolite ore blend, pilot work on this process involved pugging of a limonite/acid mixture and subsequent grinding of the cured pug with crushed saprolite to prepare the leach slurry (Verbaan et al., 2007). The process was acknowledged to be robust and resulted in leach extractions of 87% nickel ...
Di Indonesia, nikel kadar tinggi atau saprolite lebih mudah dijual karena smelter untuk mengolah nikel tersebut sudah tersedia. Sedangkan nikel kadar rendah atau limonite masih jarang terserap. Tak heran jika potensi saprolite terus berkurang di Indonesia, hanya sekitar 930 juta ton, seperempat dari limonite yang mencapai 3,6 …
From Fig. 2, the recovery of nickel of saprolite is lower than limonite, which means the nickel in silicate is more difficult to reduce than oxide.From XRD analysis, the forsterite is still found at 1250 °C, and the intensity is seemed similar at a lower temperature. Jiang et al. (2020) reported that a high-temperature process for saprolite …
(blue line in Fig. 2) is blackish gray, has a massive structure, the minerals found are olivine and pyroxine. Table 1 shows the chemical analysis to determine the limonite, saprolite and bedrock ...
off) obtained by the boundary zone of limonite-saprolite and saprolite-bedrock boundary for each point of the drill. The entire drill data on the track then correlated to form a cross-section shown in Figure 2. The divisions own profile in accordance with that proposed by Waheed (2009). It was clear enough
The highest nickel leaching efficiencies from saprolite and limonite ores were 88.9% and 84.9%, respectively, which were obtained at leaching temperature of 95 °C, stirring speed of 400 rpm, ore particle size of -177 + 149 μm, and leaching time of 4 h (for saprolite) and 24 h (for limonite). Most importantly, the leaching using the ...
SYNONYM: Eluvial gold placers (Boyle, 1979), Au-bearing saprolite (Becker, 1895). DESCRIPTION: Au disseminated in laterite and saprolite that developed under conditions of tropical weathering (fig. 32) over a wide variety of bedrock types but distal to known bedrock gold deposits. Figure 32. Idealized cross section of laterite-saprolite Au deposit.
utilized for limonite and saprolite at low temperatures. Keywords Characterization · Saprolite · Limonite · Phase · Microstructure · Thermal upgrading 1 Introduction Nickel has good plasticity, corrosion resistance, and mag-netic properties and is widely used in the iron, steel, elec-
The saprolite and limonite zones tend to contain the higher grades of Ni and can range from 1.5-3% and 1.2-1.7% respectively. How do they form? Many factors affect the formation of nickel laterites, including the original rock the soil develops from, the climate, the rate in which weathering occurs, drainage of groundwater and the tectonic …
1 Mengidentifikasi Limonite, Saprolite, dan Bedrock pada Nikel Laterit (Studi Kasus PT. Sulawesi Cahaya Mineral) Nikel Laterite memiliki beberapa lapisan yang mana masing-masing lapisan tersebut
Saprolite has higher basicity than limonite. The difference between magnesium and silicon oxide in lateritic nickel ore plays an important role in the selective reduction process. Therefore, in this work, the selective reduction of saprolite and limonite was carried out to reveal the effect of lateritic nickel ore basicity (MgO/SiO 2 ratio) on …
The nickel grade in saprolite's concentrate is higher than limonite due to its higher nickel content in saprolite ore. Nevertheless, the saprolite's recovery of nickel and …
A study on classification of Limonite and saprolite from nickel laterite ores. J Korean Inst Resour Recycl, 25 (1) (2016), pp. 40-47. Crossref View in Scopus Google Scholar [15] O. Takeda, X. Lu, T. Miki, K. Nakajim. Thermodynamic evaluation of elemental distribution in a ferronickel electric furnace for the prospect of recycling pathway of nickel.
three composition of samples: limonite, saprolite, and mixed of them. The mixed samples are made by mixing saprolite with limonite with a ratio of 1: 1 (% by weight). The chemical composition listed in table 1. Table 1. Chemical composition of sampel limonite, saprolite and mix saprolite-limonite 1:1 (%w/w). Ore Ni Total Fe Total MgO SiO. 2. Al ...
The saprolite and limonite layers of Ni laterites of SE Asia generally display an increase in Ni contents relative to those of the bedrock, which can be explained by ion exchange processes between the …
The results showed that the optimal process for limonite and saprolite was generated by adding 0.2 stoichiometry reductant. In the saprolite reduction process, ferronickel's nickel grade is higher, but the recovery is lower than limonite. Mixing saprolite with limonite increased the ferronickel particle size, increasing nickel recovery.
