More than 20 million tons of ladle furnace slag are produced annually. This slag is mainly treated by stockpiling; however, stacking results in dust and heavy metal pollution. Utilizing this slag as a resource can reduce primary resource consumption and eliminate pollution. In this review, existing …
2.4 Ladle furnace slag (LFS) LFS, known as refining slag, comes from the refining process of pig iron via ladle furnace converters, where the steel is desulphured during the secondary metallurgy process (Das et al., 2007; Setién et al., 2009). Calcium, iron, silicon, magnesium and aluminum oxides represent more than 95% of the total calcined ...
Ladle furnace reducing slag is a common byproduct in steelmaking of carbon and low alloy steels. After air cooling and weathering over several days, this material is completely ground into fine white particles. Physical, chemical, and crystalline characterizations were performed in order to verify possibilities for its direct application …
Postal 75-874, Mexico D.F. Cp 07738. [email protected] A ladle furnace operates with a highly reducing slag provided the slag carry over is properly controlled; however, this seldom occurs. In ad-
Ladle furnace (LF) slag can be used as a replacement to synthetic fluxes owing to its chemical and mineralogical compositions. Valorization of LF slag helps in …
It is used for refining process that uses alkaline synthetic slag, submerged arc heating, and argon agitation in atmospheric pressure and reducing atmosphere. Its equipment is a ladle furnace that was developed based on the refining processes such as ladle heating electromagnetic stirring (ASEA-SKF), vacuum arc degassing (VAD), and …
Due to the tendency of the two small slag eyes to merge, the 0.6R–45° (R being the bottom radius of the ladle) case resulted in a larger total slag-eye area compared to the cases with other angles. The 0.6R–135° case showed the most beneficial results for reducing the slag-eye size. Additionally, the numerical simulations helped us to ...
The ladle furnace slag slightly reduced the radiation shielding capacity of both mortar and concrete. The highest strength and lowest sorptivity were obtained for 1: 1.25: 2.5 concrete, whereas ...
This difference in secondary elemental detection is due the accuracy 12 Page 4 of 11 . 1 a and b Ladle furnace slag remanent and demetallized, c and d SEM micrography and color mapping for ...
A ladle furnace operates with a highly reducing slag provided the slag carry over is properly controlled; however, this seldom occurs. In addition, argon injection is also employed to increase ...
Ladle slag is a byproduct formed during the ladle re-fining stage of steel making. It is a dusty material that has been considered industrial waste. Technical advancements …
An Assessment of Ladle Furnace Steel-making Reactions in an Aluminium-Killed 38MnS6 Steel. December 2019; ... slag-making fluxes in the ladle furnace. There was a con-
An experimental investigation of the influence of the ladle slag's chemical composition, the ladle slag's mass and the furnace slag's mass (during the tapping flow in the ladle) on the sulphur content in steel was carried out. The parameters of the slag and the steel were obtained in operational conditions of oxygen LD converter melts and ...
In this study, geopolymers were prepared using ladle furnace slag (LFS) and fly ash (FA), and hydrothermal treatment was then used to synthesize bulk zeolite …
Ladle Furnace Slag LF slags, generated at the LF converter, are the slags com-ing out as a result of steels' secondary rening. All these slags contain free lime in metals, which are responsible for a larger expansion in volume, thus, producing cracks in ladle slag during cooling. LF slag which is basic in nature consti -
microstructural properties (Setién et al. 2009). Tossavainen et al. (2007) highlighted the stability of LFS after rapid cooling in the factory, owing to the formation of glass.
Powdered ladle furnace slag (LFS) used in this study. 2.2. Characterization of LFS and CEM-I. In a recently published paper [47], the authors have reported the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and morphological properties of LFS used in this study. They have used laser diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron ...
Further, ladle furnace slag containing traces of heavy metals was activated with sodium hydroxide (solid NaOH), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), and sodium metasilicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) and then blended ...
In order to make a complete characterization of ladle furnace slag (LF slag, LFS), as nonhazardous industrial waste, and to solve its permanent disposal and/or recovery, bearing in mind both the ...
This paper shows the implementation of a machine learning-based on-line model for slag conditioning in ladle furnaces. The model calculates the lime and aluminum additions in …
Contemporary industry specifies ever higher requirements for steel quality [1, 2].Since it is provided indirectly in a steel smelting unit with a significant loss of productivity, with the aim of minimizing expenditure for a series of production operations it is transferred into a subsidiary unit, i.e., a ladle furnace unit (LFU) that makes it possible to …
Slag Conditioning in Ladle Furnaces at Ternium Mexico The importance of slag has been very well understood by the steel-making industry to cut the cost of producing quality steel. In a general sense, the primary purpose of the slag is to absorb metallic impurities, as …
In the last decades the European steel industry has made continuous efforts to reduce residues and byproducts and to increase recycling in order to reduce its environmental impact. While some steelmaking slags have been widely characterised and, to a certain extent reused, ladle furnace (LF) slag is used in different applications …
Ladle slag is a byproduct formed during the ladle refining stage of steel making. It is a dusty material that has been considered industrial waste. Technical advancements towards a sustainable industry led to the development of different applications for ladle slag. Depending on the processing methods during the steel slag …
Section snippets Materials. Low calcium fly ash, known as Class F fly ash (according to ASTM C618), was sourced from Manjung Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) coal-fired power plant, Perak, Malaysia, and ladle furnace slag was provided by Southern Steel industry, Penang, Malaysia.The mineralogical compositions of both precursors …
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135854 Corpus ID: 210880791; Use of ladle furnace slag containing heavy metals as a binding material in civil engineering. @article{Xu2020UseOL, title={Use of ladle furnace slag containing heavy metals as a binding material in civil engineering.}, author={Bo Xu and Yaolin Yi}, journal={The Science of the total …
ABSTRACT. Recycling ladle furnace (LF) slag helps in sustainable steel making and reduces steel production costs. This paper focuses on recycling Si/Mn/Al-killed LF slag as a replacement for CaO–Al 2 O 3-based synthetic slag for treating high carbon Si/Mn-killed steels.Characterization of different types of LF slag was carried out to identify chemical …
[C]+ [O] = CO (g) (8) Assumptions and simplifications of this model: The rate controlling mechanism is due to mass transfer of impurities for bulk metal to the slag metal-interface.
12 The second step is the slag treatment that takes place during the ladle furnace or the vacuum degassing phases (or both), and it enriches the inclusions in Ca. 10,13 The third step is the SiCa ...
While some steelmaking slags have been widely characterised and, to a certain extent reused, ladle furnace (LF) slag is used in different applications because of its specific properties. The main purpose of the case study presented in this paper concerns the reduction of potential LF slag environmental impacts, because of its intrinsic ...
