Ferronickel alloys as a nickel source for high alloy steels such as stainless steels are produced from garnierite ores by means of a rotary kiln.
1 Ferronickel smelting plant and process Kawasaki's ferronickel smelting plant follows the process shown in Fig. 1. Ferronickel ore with 1.8-2.2% nickel content is first dried in a rotary dryer, then reduced in a rotary kiln. Next, the ore is smelted in an electric furnace and separated into slag and metal (ferronickel) with
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is the main ferronickel production method, which is estimated to have accounted for the production of approximately 15 million tons of ferronickel in 2020, which is two-thirds of the annual nickel output. 15 More importantly, China and Indonesia contributed nearly 12 million tons of …
Direct reduction of garnierits ore for production of ferro-nickel with a rotary kiln at Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd., Oheyama Works. Int. J. Miner. Process., 19: 173-187. During World War II, the Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd. produced sponge iron with the Krupp- Renn process at the OheyAmA Works from laterite ore mined at the nearby …
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2017.07.119 Corpus ID: 116584493; Exergy assessment of a rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting of ferronickel alloy @article{Rong2017ExergyAO, title={Exergy assessment of a rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting of ferronickel alloy}, author={Wenjie Rong and Baokuan Li and P. Liu and Fengsheng Qi}, journal={Energy}, …
The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is the most common method for ferronickel production from laterite ore. Since sulfur deteriorates the mechanical properties of ferronickel, it is essential to examine the routes through which sulfur is transferred to the nickel-containing product during the extraction process.
Based on a brief introduction of properties of metallic nickel, it summarizes the applications of nickel, demand of nickel, resources of nickel, and metallurgical …
around 10 m on the kiln shell along the axis, allowing the combustion of CO and H2 gas from the bed, which may enable the more precise control of the inside temperature of the kiln. In addition, Chatterjee6–9) has carried out a contin-uous experiment with a pilot kiln of 1.25 m in diameter and 13 m in length in the Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd ...
for ferronickel production: Data analytics-based ... processes such as cement, iron, and steel production. Simula-tions of a rotary kiln furnace for clinker production showed
1. Introduction. About 2/3 of nickel in the world is used in stainless steel production for improving the performance of steel, because nickel alloys are characterized by high strength and ductility as well as excellent corrosion and heat resistances [1].Since China is a big country in the respect of consumption and production of crude stainless …
The last step in ferronickel production is reduction smelting of bone-dry, partially reduced nickel-rich calcine at 900 degree Celsius from the calcination/reduction kilns. View Show abstract
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the high power consumption. In this study, aiming to provide some meaningful guidance for ferronickel production of RKEF smelting, reductive roasting followed by smelting …
This paper presents a detailed large- and particle-scale energy analysis of a 180 t h −1 rotary kiln furnace for Ferronickel Production via the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. The study uses a proprietary industrial database that contains mass flow rates of the main streams, compositions, and temperatures at several …
Krupp-Renn process is an energy-saving technology for ferronickel production from saprolitic laterite ores, in which a semi-fused zone (1 300-1 350°C) in the rotary kiln is required for the ...
1.3 Historic Approach to Matte Production from Laterite. Historically, there have been two operations that produced a nickel matte from a laterite ore: 1. PT Vale, Indonesia (PTVI): Sulfur is injected into the discharge end of the rotary kiln to produce a sulfidized calcine. The calcine is then smelted in an electric furnace to produce furnace …
The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is the one of the most widely adopted technological process for ferronickel smelting production. A schematic of the RKEF process with rotary dryer, rotary kiln and electric furnace is shown in Fig. 1.As depicted, the RKFF process involves three main processes: the dehydration process in …
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is the main technology to deal with nickel laterite for the fer-ronickel alloy production in the world. However, this process needs huge amount of electric power due to the large ratio of slag to metal. Therefore, a novel process was proposed to directly produce ferronickel
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the high power consumption.
ANTAM had 3 ferronickel smelters (FeNi II, III and IV) with 4 production lines with annual combined capacity of 27,000 TNi. Ferronickel processing in Pomalaa utilizes RKEF (Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace) method in which nickel ore is smelted in electric furnace to produce ferronickel in shots (pellets). ANTAM's 102 MW power plant at Pomalaa
The factory has five rotary kiln production lines with an annual output of 13,000 tons of nickel in ferronickel. After drying, crushing, and screening, the laterite-nickel ore of humus soil type is mixed with a fusing agent and a reducing agent and briquetted.
The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo calcination and partial reduction in a rotary kiln.
rotary-kiln. There are two rotary-kilns in Euronickel Industries. The rotary-kiln is a type of furnace which rotates slowly around its axis. Due to its small inclination, at each turn …
2.1. Sampling of Raw Materials in the Rotary Kiln out of Operation First, raw materials of around 20–30 kg were sampled every 5–10 m in the rotary kiln, shown in Fig. 1(a), cooled in order to get an outline of how Ni ore is reduced: about three days is needed for cooling after being out of operation.
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the high …
In the present study the reductive behavior of dust from the rotary kilns (R/K), in ferronickel production from nickeliferous Greek laterites, is investigated. The study concerns dust of various ...
Large- and Particle-Scale Energy Assessment of Reduction Roasting of Nickel Laterite Ore for Ferronickel Production via the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace Process May 2022 Thermal Science and ...
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is the main ferronickel production method, which is estimated to have accounted for the production of …
DOI: 10.1016/J.AEJ.2021.08.036 Corpus ID: 244633011; Improving the rotary kiln-electric furnace process for ferronickel production: Data analytics-based assessment of dust insufflation into the rotary kiln flame
This project is the largest ferronickel complete production line project in China so far. The project adopts two Φ5×40m drying kilns, four Φ4.8×100m laterite nickel ore rotary kilns, and four 33000 KVA circular submerged …
